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1940 Field Marshal Ceremony
The 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony refers to a promotion ceremony held at the Kroll Opera House in Berlin in which Adolf Hitler promoted twelve generals to the rank of ''Generalfeldmarschall'' ("general field marshal") on 19 July 1940. It was the first occasion in World War II that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements.
The prestigious rank of field marshal had been banned after the First World War. As part of the Nazi expansion of the military, the rank was revived. Hitler promoted twelve selected generals to field marshal during the ceremony in Berlin for their role in the swift victory over France and the Low Countries and to raise morale. The ceremony highlighted the power and prestige of the Wehrmacht; France was considered to have had the strongest army in Europe, yet had been humiliatingly defeated in just six weeks.
The ceremony was the first time Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements and was celebrated like no other promotion ceremony of the war. Even though Erich von Manstein was most directly responsible for the victory he was not promoted to field marshal, something that sparked speculation within the military.
==Field marshal==
(詳細はmilitary restrictions imposed on the newly formed Weimar Republic. After Hitler and Nazis came to national power in January 1933, they began an enormous expansion of the military; it was part of Hitler's desire to restore the army's power and prestige. In 1936, he revived the rank of field marshal. It was the highest and most prestigious military rank in Germany, originally only for the use of the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Army. The traditional attribute distinguishing a German field marshal was an ornately decorated baton. More tangible benefits included a yearly salary of 36,000 ''Reichsmarks'' and all earnings being exempt from income tax.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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